Frequently Asked Questions About District and Circuit Court Criminal Cases in Shelby, Jefferson, and St. Clair Counties

Navigating the criminal court system in Alabama can be overwhelming. If you or a loved one is facing charges in Shelby, Jefferson, or St. Clair County, understanding the differences between District Court and Circuit Court, as well as common procedures, can help ease uncertainty. Below are answers to frequently asked questions about the court process in these counties.

What is the Difference Between District Court and Circuit Court?

• District Court: Handles misdemeanor criminal cases, traffic violations, and preliminary hearings for felony cases. There are no jury trials in District Court—cases are decided by a judge.

• Circuit Court: Handles felony cases and any misdemeanor cases that have been appealed from District Court. Defendants have the right to a jury trial in Circuit Court.

Where Are the District and Circuit Courts Located?

• Jefferson County: Birmingham Division (716 Richard Arrington Jr. Blvd N, Birmingham, AL 35203) and Bessemer Division (1851 2nd Ave N, Bessemer, AL 35020)

• Shelby County: 112 N Main St, Columbiana, AL 35051

• St. Clair County: Pell City Courthouse (1815 Cogswell Ave, Pell City, AL 35125) and Ashville Courthouse (165 5th Ave, Ashville, AL 35953)

What Happens After an Arrest?

1. Initial Appearance – Defendants appear before a judge who informs them of the charges, possible penalties, and their right to an attorney.

2. Bail/Bond Hearing – The court may set bail or bond, allowing the defendant to be released before trial.

3. Preliminary Hearing (Felony Cases Only) – In District Court, the judge determines whether there is enough evidence for the case to proceed to Circuit Court.

What Happens at Arraignment?

An arraignment is a formal court hearing where a defendant enters a plea:

• Guilty – The judge proceeds with sentencing.

• Not Guilty – The case moves forward to trial or plea negotiations.

• No Contest (Nolo Contendere) – Similar to a guilty plea but does not admit fault in civil cases.

How Are Misdemeanor and Felony Cases Handled?

• Misdemeanors: Typically resolved in District Court through plea agreements, diversion programs, or bench trials.

• Felonies: Begin in District Court but can be bound over to Circuit Court for trial, plea negotiations, or sentencing.

What Are the Possible Outcomes of a Criminal Case?

• Dismissal – Charges are dropped due to lack of evidence or legal issues.

• Plea Agreement – The defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge to avoid a trial.

• Trial Verdict – The case is decided by a judge or jury.

• Sentencing – If convicted, the defendant receives penalties, which may include fines, probation, jail, or prison time.

Can I Appeal a District Court Decision?

Yes. If convicted in District Court, you have the right to appeal to Circuit Court for a new trial, which may include a jury.

Why Do I Need a Criminal Defense Attorney?

An experienced attorney can:

• Review evidence and challenge procedural errors.

• Negotiate favorable plea agreements.

• Represent you in court to seek the best possible outcome.

If you are facing criminal charges in Shelby County, Jefferson County, or St. Clair County, Dixon Law, LLC is here to help. Contact us for a free consultation at 205-616-8896 or visit our Contact Us page to fill out a submission form. Let us fight for your rights and work toward the best outcome for your case.